Introduction
We have several HACCP risk tables. Below you can see the HACCP variation table that we have compiled on parasites. As this table is very extensive, we recommend using the download below to view the table properly.
Table
| Parasite | Group | Origin | Food product | Disease | Measurments | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anisakis marina | Round worms | Marine mammals are the final hosts; fish shellfish are intermediate hosts. | Fish, raw and not correctly treated herring. | Anisakiasis by larvae: consumed larvae cause stomach and intestine infections that are similar to appendicitis. | Deepfry: 24 hours at -20 °C. Heating until 50 °C, Marinating until pH | Illness is undercontrol in the Netherlands. |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | Protozoa | Farm animals are intermediate hosts (intestine parasite); humans are the final hosts. | Meat and foodproducts contaminated with animal faeces. | Cryptosporidiosis: by consumption of encapsulated fertilized eggs (=oocysten) that develop in the human intestine to fullgrown protozoa and could cause diseases. Incubation is between 3-14 days. | Good hygiene during slaugther. | Calves and poultry are oftentimes contaminated. Risks for humans is in general small. Livestock keepers and slaughters are risk groups that could prevent diseases with the help of good hygiene. |
| Echinococcus granulosis | Tapeworm | Dogs are the final hosts. Eggs, in faeces. Humans, pigs and sheeps are intermediate hosts. | Through faeces contaminated food/water. | Echinococcosis: eggs develop in the lungs or liver of the human until the next intermediate stage, called bladder worm and possibly causing dangerous illnesses. | Slaugther waste as feed for dogs and other animals should be cooked properly. Hygienic contact with dogs. No slaughtering at home, good meat examination. | This disease is very rare in the Netherlands |
| Entamoeba histolytica | Protozoa (amoebe) | Human | Trouhg faeces contaminated food/water, also through transport by flys and cockroaches. | Amobic dysentery: intake of cysts leads to diarrhoea or more severe symptoms with dead as consequence. | Good sewerage. Cysts are being destroyed at temperatures above 55 °C and freezing. | Lives mainly in subtropical area; illness is sometimes found in the Netherlands but it is often catched abroad. |
| Giardia lamblia | Protozoa | Intestinal tract; mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians. | Through faeces contaminated food/water. | Giardiasis: cysts cause illness (nausea, diarrhea), the disease can take between 1 to 3 months and the incubation is between 1 to 3 weeks. | Personal hygiëne, good sewerage, no faecale contamination of water, heating. | Cysts are chlorination ressistant. |
| Fasciola hepatica | Sunction worm | Cattle, sheep and human as final host; the snail functions as intermediate host. | Vegetables are contaminated by a snail especially watercress. | Fascioliasis: human consumes cysts that develops to fullgrown harmfull parasites. | Good examination at slaugthers and diligent slaugther processes where organs are being removed. | |
| Clonorchis sinensis | Coli | Inadequate heated or raw fish from fresh water | Clonorchiasis: infection of gall bladder, liver by consumption of cysts. | Cysts are being destroyed at 50 °C. | Normally in Asian coutries. | |
| Taenia saginata | tapeworm | Cattle as intermidiate hosts with humans as final hosts. | Beef | cattel could become severe ill (cysticercosis) by intake of eggs that develop firstly to a intermediate form as bladder worm. After consumption of the bladderworm from beef are tapeworms able to lay eggs in the human intestine. The consequences are only light symptoms (taeniasis). | Examinatino of cattle. Heating of meat with 70 °C as minimum core temperature. Freezing. | Contamination is probable and regulations are still needed. |
| Taenia solium | Tapeworm | Pigs are intermediate hosts, human can function as intermedieate and final host. | Pork | Damage on intestinal wall and spread to other organs with severe diseases as consequence. | The same as Taenia saginata | Rare in the Netherlands but common in middle and south Amerika. |
| Toxoplasma gondii | Protozoa (sporozoa) | Cat is final host, all warm blooded animals can function as intermediate hosts. | Meat and vegetables contaminated by cat feaces | Toxoplasmosis. Heatlhy individuals: intake of a cyst leads to light flu symptoms, organism could stay for a longer time in the muscles; risk groups are Pregnant women (Menigitis, hydrocephalus for the child). Elderly people and young children could get severe sympoms such as blindness. The incubation time is 1-3 weeks. | Acceptance. Raw and contaminated meat should not be consumed. Hygienic relations with cats. Proper washing of vegetables (probale contaminated with oocyts of cat). Cysts (infectious) are killed at 70 °C and by freezing. | Contamination of cattle is in the Netherlands decreased. Aweareness is still important because of the high contamination value. |
| Trichinella spiralis | Round worm | Pigs and horses are contaminated through wild and gnaw animals. | Pork, horse meat and wild meat. | Trichinellosis. Diseases are induced by consumption of the encapsulated larvea. The first symptoms are: stomach and intestine issues. From larvea are fullgrown worms formed that reproduce in the intestines and transport through the lymfea. After that do they incapsulate in muscles and cause diseases with severe symptoms such as paralysis. In addition death could be the consequence. | Proper examination and acceptance of slaughtered cattle. Dont feed unheated animal based waste and good corral hygiene. Manufacturer heats with core temperature of minimum 70 °C, lowering aw, salting, smoking or freeze. According to meatinspection-legistation. Finally it is atvised that the consumer prevents eating raw pork or wild. | In the Netherlands have porks and horses a low infection rate. Examination on the presence of parasites in meat takes place but still control is still neededd. |